Alan Donald Woodland
Names
| first: |
Alan |
| middle: |
Donald |
| last: |
Woodland |
Identifer
Contact
Affiliations
-
UNSW Sydney
/ UNSW Business School
/ ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR) (weight: 25%)
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Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) (weight: 5%)
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UNSW Sydney
/ UNSW Business School
/ School of Economics (weight: 70%)
Research profile
author of:
- Trade-Offs in Means Tested Pension Design (RePEc:acb:cbeeco:2011-550)
by Chung Tran & Alan Woodland - Facing Demographic Challenges: Pension Cuts or Tax Hikes (RePEc:acb:cbeeco:2015-626)
by George Kudrna & Chung Tran & Alan Woodland - Sustainable and Equitable Pensions with Means Testing in Aging Economies (RePEc:acb:cbeeco:2018-666)
by George Kudrna & Chung Tran & Alan Woodland - On the Relationship between Preferential and Multilateral Trade Liberalization: The Case of Customs Unions (RePEc:aea:aejmic:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:63-99)
by Kamal Saggi & Alan Woodland & Halis Murat Yildiz - A Micro-Econometric Analysis of the Industrial Demand for Energy in NSW (RePEc:aen:journl:1993v14-02-a04)
by Alan D. Woodland - Drought And The Multiplier (RePEc:ags:ajaeau:22344)
by Duloy, J.H. & Woodland, A.D. - Trade-Offs in Means Tested Pension Design (RePEc:asb:wpaper:201110)
by Chung Tran & Alan Woodland - Progressive Tax Changes to Private Pensions in a Life-Cycle Framework (RePEc:asb:wpaper:201209)
by George Kudrna & Alan Woodland - Macroeconomic and Welfare Effects of the 2010 Changes to Mandatory Superannuation (RePEc:asb:wpaper:201210)
by George Kudrna & Alan Woodland - The Dynamic Fiscal Effects of Demographic Shift: The Case of Australia (RePEc:auu:dpaper:2014-616)
by George Kudrna & Chung Tran & Alan Woodland - Drought And The Multiplier (RePEc:bla:ajarec:v:11:y:1967:i:1:p:82-86)
by J.H. Duloy & A.D. Woodland - Demand Conditions in International Trade Theory (RePEc:bla:ausecp:v:13:y:1974:i:23:p:209-24)
by Woodland, A D - Engel Curves for Meat Consumption in Australia (RePEc:bla:ausecp:v:21:y:1982:i:38:p:106-22)
by Ryan, D L & Wales, T J & Woodland, A D - The Demand for Consumer Durables and Food in Australia: An Application of the Stone‐Rowe Model of Demand (RePEc:bla:ecorec:v:44:y:1968:i:1:p:68-81)
by A. D. Woodland - Determinants of the Labour Force Status of the Aged (RePEc:bla:ecorec:v:63:y:1987:i:2:p:97-114)
by A. D. Woodland - An Inter‐temporal General Equilibrium Econometric Model for a Small Open Economy with Application to Australia (RePEc:bla:ecorec:v:79:y:2003:i:244:p:1-19)
by Sang‐Hee Han & Alan D. Woodland - The Effects of Foreign Price Uncertainty on Australian Production and Trade (RePEc:bla:ecorec:v:86:y:2010:i:273:p:162-177)
by Elie Appelbaum & Alan D. Woodland - Implications of the 2009 Age Pension Reform in Australia: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Analysis (RePEc:bla:ecorec:v:87:y:2011:i:277:p:183-201)
by George Kudrna & Alan D. Woodland - Macroeconomic and Welfare Effects of the 2010 Changes to Mandatory Superannuation (RePEc:bla:ecorec:v:89:y:2013:i:287:p:445-468)
by George Kudrna & Alan D. Woodland - Multilateral Reforms of Trade and Environmental Policy (RePEc:bla:reviec:v:12:y:2004:i:3:p:321-336)
by Arja H. Turunen‐Red & Alan D. Woodland - The Gains from Trade and Policy Reform Revisited (RePEc:bla:reviec:v:12:y:2004:i:4:p:591-608)
by W. Erwin Diewert & Alan D. Woodland - Pareto‐optimal Delegation in Customs Unions (RePEc:bla:reviec:v:15:y:2007:i:3:p:441-461)
by Mark Melatos & Alan D. Woodland - Common External Tariff Choice in Core Customs Unions (RePEc:bla:reviec:v:17:y:2009:i:2:p:292-303)
by Mark Melatos & Alan Woodland - North-South Trade, Income Distribution, and Welfare Effects of R&D Policy (RePEc:bla:reviec:v:6:y:1998:i:1:p:15-29)
by Okamoto, Hisayuki & Woodland, Alan D - Unknown item RePEc:bof:bofrdp:2011_009 (paper)
- Non-Preferential Trading Clubs (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_1145)
by Pascalis Raimondos & Alan D. Woodland - Measuring Tax Efficiency: A Tax Optimality Index (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_1236)
by Pascalis Raimondos & Alan D. Woodland - Steepest Ascent Tariff Reforms (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_1760)
by Pascalis Raimondos & Alan D. Woodland - Growth, Expectations, and Tariffs (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_3435)
by Seppo Honkapohja & Arja H. Turunen-Red & Alan D. Woodland - Reciprocity, World Prices and Welfare (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_3607)
by Pascalis Raimondos & Alan D. Woodland - Market Access and Welfare: Is there a Conflict? (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_5136)
by Pascalis Raimondos & Alan D. Woodland - Facing Demographic Challenges: Pension Cuts or Tax Hikes (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_5644)
by George Kudrna & Chung Tran & Alan D. Woodland - Progressive Tax Changes to Superannuation in a Lifecycle Framework (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_5645)
by Kudrna,George & Alan D. Woodland - A Dual Approach to Equilibrium in the Production Sector in International Trade Theory (RePEc:cje:issued:v:10:y:1977:i:1:p:50-68)
by A. D. Woodland - Estimation of a Variable Profit and of Planning Price Functions for Canadian Manufacturing, 1947-70 (RePEc:cje:issued:v:10:y:1977:i:3:p:355-77)
by A. D. Woodland - Recent Developments in Multilateral Policy Reform (RePEc:cje:issued:v:29:y:1996:i:s1:p:394-400)
by Arja H. Turunen-Red & Alan D. Woodland - Tariff strategies and small open economies (RePEc:cje:issued:v:33:y:2000:i:1:p:25-40)
by Pascalis Raimondos-Møller & Alan D. Woodland - Growth, expectations and tariffs (RePEc:cje:issued:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:1441-1469)
by Seppo Honkapohja & Arja H. Turunen-Red & Alan D. Woodland - Multi-product exporters, variable markups and exchange rate fluctuations (RePEc:cje:issued:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:1130-1160)
by Mauro Caselli & Arpita Chatterjee & Alan Woodland - Non-Preferential Trading Clubs (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3572)
by Woodland, Alan D & Raimondos, Pascalis - Measuring Tax Efficiency: A Tax Optimality Index (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:4566)
by Woodland, Alan D & Raimondos, Pascalis - Steepest Ascent Tariff Reforms (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:5782)
by Woodland, Alan D & Raimondos, Pascalis - Facing Demographic Challenges: Pension Cuts Or Tax Hikes? (RePEc:cup:macdyn:v:23:y:2019:i:02:p:625-673_00)
by Kudrna, George & Tran, Chung & Woodland, Alan - Equivalence of Price and Quantity Formulations of Spatial Equilibrium: Purified Duality in Quadratic and Concave Programming (RePEc:ecm:emetrp:v:38:y:1970:i:6:p:889-906)
by Takayama, T & Woodland, A D - Estimation of the Allocation of Time for Work, Leisure, and Housework (RePEc:ecm:emetrp:v:45:y:1977:i:1:p:115-32)
by Wales, Terence J & Woodland, A D - Frank Knight's Theorem in Linear Programming Revisited (RePEc:ecm:emetrp:v:45:y:1977:i:2:p:375-98)
by Diewert, W E & Woodland, A D - Strict Pareto-Improving Multilateral Reforms of Tariffs (RePEc:ecm:emetrp:v:59:y:1991:i:4:p:1127-52)
by Turunen-Red, Arja H & Woodland, Alan D - The Redistribution of Efficiency Gains: Transfers or Tariffs? (RePEc:ecm:wc2000:0987)
by Alan Woodland & Arja Turunen-Red - Optimal foreign aid and tariffs (RePEc:eee:deveco:v:67:y:2002:i:1:p:79-99)
by Lahiri, Sajal & Raimondos-Moller, Pascalis & Wong, Kar-yiu & Woodland, Alan D. - Risk preference, immigration policy and illegal immigration (RePEc:eee:deveco:v:81:y:2006:i:2:p:500-513)
by Woodland, Alan D. & Yoshida, Chisato - Trade-offs in means tested pension design (RePEc:eee:dyncon:v:47:y:2014:i:c:p:72-93)
by Tran, Chung & Woodland, Alan - The dynamic fiscal effects of demographic shift: The case of Australia (RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:50:y:2015:i:c:p:105-122)
by Kudrna, George & Tran, Chung & Woodland, Alan - Market access and welfare: Is there a conflict? (RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:126:y:2015:i:c:p:163-166)
by Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis & Woodland, Alan D. - An aspect of the wald test for linear restrictions in the seemingly unrelated regressions model (RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:20:y:1986:i:2:p:165-169)
by Woodland, A. D. - Stochastic specification and the estimation of share equations (RePEc:eee:econom:v:10:y:1979:i:3:p:361-383)
by Woodland, A. D. - Estimation of consumer demand systems with binding non-negativity constraints (RePEc:eee:econom:v:21:y:1983:i:3:p:263-285)
by Wales, T. J. & Woodland, A. D. - On testing weak separability (RePEc:eee:econom:v:8:y:1978:i:3:p:383-398)
by Woodland, Alan D. - Sustainable and equitable pensions with means testing in aging economies (RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:141:y:2022:i:c:s0014292121002415)
by Kudrna, George & Tran, Chung & Woodland, Alan - Endogenous trade bloc formation in an asymmetric world (RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:51:y:2007:i:4:p:901-924)
by Melatos, Mark & Woodland, Alan - Entrepreneurship and conflict generating product price changes (RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:78:y:2015:i:c:p:158-174)
by Schweinberger, A.G. & Woodland, A.D. - Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging (RePEc:eee:hapoag)
from Elsevier as editor - Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging (RePEc:eee:hapoag:1)
by None - Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging (RePEc:eee:hapoch)
from Elsevier as editor - Taxation, Pensions, and Demographic Change (RePEc:eee:hapoch:v1_713)
by Woodland, A. - Reciprocity in trade negotiations and welfare (RePEc:eee:inecon:v:111:y:2018:i:c:p:134-142)
by Raimondos, Pascalis & Woodland, Alan - The relationship between factor endowments and commodity trade (RePEc:eee:inecon:v:13:y:1982:i:3-4:p:201-214)
by Dixit, Avinash & Woodland, Alan - On the multilateral transfer problem : Existence of Pareto improving international transfers (RePEc:eee:inecon:v:25:y:1988:i:3-4:p:249-269)
by Turunen-Red, Arja H. & Woodland, Alan D. - Multilateral policy reforms and quantity restrictions on trade (RePEc:eee:inecon:v:52:y:2000:i:1:p:153-168)
by Turunen-Red, Arja H. & Woodland, Alan D. - Non-preferential trading clubs (RePEc:eee:inecon:v:68:y:2006:i:1:p:79-91)
by Raimondos-Moller, Pascalis & Woodland, Alan D. - The short and long run effects of tied foreign aid on pollution abatement, pollution and employment: A pilot model (RePEc:eee:jeeman:v:55:y:2008:i:3:p:310-325)
by Schweinberger, A.G. & Woodland, A.D. - Climate and international trade policies when emissions affect production possibilities (RePEc:eee:jeeman:v:66:y:2013:i:2:p:166-184)
by Kotsogiannis, Christos & Woodland, Alan - An inter-temporal general equilibrium analysis of the Australian age pension means test (RePEc:eee:jmacro:v:33:y:2011:i:1:p:61-79)
by Kudrna, George & Woodland, Alan - Measuring tax efficiency: A tax optimality index (RePEc:eee:pubeco:v:90:y:2006:i:10-11:p:1903-1922)
by Raimondos-Moller, Pascalis & Woodland, Alan D. - Climate change, strict Pareto improvements in welfare and multilateral financial transfers (RePEc:een:camaaa:2020-103)
by Christos Kotsogiannis & Alan Woodland - Multi-product firms and product quality expansion (RePEc:een:camaaa:2020-92)
by Van Pham & Alan Woodland - Economic Theory and International Trade (RePEc:elg:eebook:1994)
by None - The Factor Price Frontier (RePEc:elg:eechap:13310_35)
by Alan D. Woodland - Unilateral Reforms of Trade and Environmental Policy (RePEc:elg:eechap:1994_8)
by Arja H. Turunen-Red & Alan D. Woodland - Pareto-optimal customs unions with transfers (RePEc:elg:eechap:3069_5)
by Mark Melatos & Alan Woodland - Optimal Income Transfers and Tariffs (RePEc:fth:washer:0076)
by Kar-yiu Wong & Sajal LAHIRI & Pascalis RAIMONDOS-M & Alan D. WOODLAND - Measuring Tax Efficiency (RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2004_005)
by Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis & Woodland, Alan D. - Non-Preferential Trading Clubs (RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2004_006)
by Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis & Woodland , Alan D. - Steepest Ascent Tariff Reforms (RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2006_004)
by Woodland, Alan D. & Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis - Population aging, education and skill premium in international trade (RePEc:hit:hiasdp:2015-03)
by CHEN, Xiao & WOODLAND, Alan - Substitution of Structures, Equipment and Labor in Canadian Production (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:16:y:1975:i:1:p:171-87)
by Woodland, A D - Estimation of Household Utility Functions and Labor Supply Response (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:17:y:1976:i:2:p:397-410)
by Wales, T J & Woodland, A D - Joint Outputs, Intermediate Inputs and International Trade Theory (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:18:y:1977:i:3:p:517-33)
by Woodland, A D - Sample Selectivity and the Estimation of Labor Supply Functions (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:21:y:1980:i:2:p:437-68)
by Wales, T J & Woodland, A D - Stability, Capital Mobility and Trade (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:24:y:1983:i:2:p:475-83)
by Woodland, Alan D - On the Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Multivariate Regression Models Containing Serially Correlated Error Components (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:29:y:1988:i:4:p:707-25)
by Magnus, Jan R & Woodland, Alan D - Tariff Reform in a Small Open Multi-household Economy with Domestic Distortions and Nontraded Goods (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:32:y:1991:i:4:p:937-57)
by Diewert, W E & Turunen-Red, A H & Woodland, A D - International trade and climate change (RePEc:kap:itaxpf:v:20:y:2013:i:3:p:381-413)
by Xiao Chen & Alan Woodland - Non-Preferential Clubs (RePEc:kud:epruwp:02-14)
by Pascalis Raimondos Møller & Alan D. Woodland - Measuring Tax Efficiency: A Tax Optimality Index (RePEc:kud:epruwp:04-08)
by Pascalis Raimondos-Møller & Alan D. Woodland - Optimal Income Transfers and Tariffs (RePEc:kud:epruwp:97-06)
by Sajal Lahiri & Pascalis Raimondos-Møller & Kar-yiu Wong & Alan D. Woodland - Tariff Strategies and Small Open Economies (RePEc:kud:epruwp:97-15)
by Pascalis Raimondos-Møller & Alan D. Woodland - Tariff strategies and small open economies (RePEc:kud:kuieci:1997-23)
by Pascalis Raimondos-Møller & Alan D. Woodland - Means Testing Social Security: Modeling and Policy Analysis (RePEc:mrr:papers:wp337)
by Rafal Chomik & John Piggott & Alan D. Woodland & George Kudrna & Cagri Kumru - The Solution of Nonlinear Separable Programs (RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:56:y:1974:i:3:p:628-634.)
by A. D. Woodland - Estimation of Australian Wool and Lamb Production Technologies under Uncertainty: An Error-Components Approach (RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:77:y:1995:i:3:p:552-565.)
by C.J. O'Donnell & A. D. Woodland - Multilateral Reform of Domestic Taxes (RePEc:oup:oxecpp:v:42:y:1990:i:1:p:160-86)
by Turunen-Red, Arja H & Woodland, Alan D - Labour Supply and Progressive Taxes (RePEc:oup:restud:v:46:y:1979:i:1:p:83-95.)
by T. J. Wales & A. D. Woodland - Direct and Indirect Trade Utility Functions (RePEc:oup:restud:v:47:y:1980:i:5:p:907-926.)
by A. D. Woodland - Productivity- and Pareto-Improving Changes in Taxes and Tariffs (RePEc:oup:restud:v:56:y:1989:i:2:p:199-215.)
by W. E. Diewert & A. H. Turunen-Red & A. D. Woodland - International Trade Policy and the Pacific Rim (RePEc:pal:inteas:978-1-349-14543-0)
by None - The History and Structure of APEC (RePEc:pal:intecp:978-1-349-14543-0_11)
by John Piggott & Alan Woodland - The Economics of Illegal Immigration (RePEc:pal:palbok:978-0-230-51488-1)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - General Equilibrium Trade Theory (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-30531-1_3)
by Alan Woodland - Introduction (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_1)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - Can a Profit-Sharing Scheme Remedy Large Scale Unemployment in a Less Developed Country? (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_10)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - The Global Welfare Effects of Illegal Immigration in the Absence of Capital Mobility (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_2)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - The Global Welfare Effects of Illegal Immigration in the Presence of Capital Mobility (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_3)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - The Welfare Effects of Border Patrol on Illegal Immigration (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_4)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - The Welfare Effects of Financing the Internal Enforcement of Illegal Immigration (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_5)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - The Optimal Enforcement of Immigration Law (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_6)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - The Optimal Enforcement of a Finance-Constrained Immigration Law (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_7)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - Unemployment, International Migration and Profit-Sharing (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_8)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - International Migration, Profit-Sharing and National Welfare (RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-51488-1_9)
by Chisato Yoshida & Alan D. Woodland - Illegal Immigration with Tariff Distortions (RePEc:sae:fortra:v:58:y:2023:i:1:p:121-143)
by Alan Woodland & Chisato Yoshida - International Trade Policy Reforms and their Simulation (RePEc:ses:arsjes:1995-iii-8)
by Arja H. Turunen-Red & Alan D. Woodland - On Two Elementary Propositions on Customs Unions (RePEc:spr:conchp:978-3-7908-1630-3_6)
by Pascalis Raimondos-Møller & Alan D. Woodland - Steepest ascent tariff reform (RePEc:spr:joecth:v:55:y:2014:i:1:p:69-99)
by Pascalis Raimondos-Møller & Alan Woodland - Trade Policy and Illegal Immigration (RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-540-78676-4_11)
by Woodland Alan & Chisata Yoshida - Exceptional performance of multinational suppliers: theory and evidence (RePEc:spr:weltar:v:157:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10290-020-00399-7)
by Van Pham & Alan Woodland & Mauro Caselli - Multi-product exporters, variable markups and exchange rate fluctuations (RePEc:swe:wpaper:2014-15)
by Mauro Caselli & Arpita Chatterjee & Alan Woodland - Optimal Growth with Resource Exhaustibility and Pollution Externality (RePEc:swe:wpaper:2017-09)
by Wei Jin & Alan Woodland - Climate Change, Strict Pareto Improvements in Welfare and Multilateral Income Transfers (RePEc:swe:wpaper:2018-04)
by Christos Kotsogiannis & Alan Woodland - Multinational suppliers: Are they different from exporters? (RePEc:swe:wpaper:2018-05)
by Van Pham & Mauro Caselli & Alan Woodland - Multi-product Firms and Product Quality Expansion (RePEc:swe:wpaper:2020-05)
by Van Pham & Alan Woodland - The volatility of Australian traded goods' prices (RePEc:taf:applec:v:42:y:2010:i:30:p:3849-3869)
by Alan Woodland & Kishti Sen - On the maximum likelihood estimation of multivariate regression models containing serially correlated error components (RePEc:tiu:tiutis:21cf54a1-ad57-442b-9c3d-f0bba24dbe6f)
by Magnus, J.R. & Woodland, A.D. - Separability and aggregation (RePEc:tiu:tiutis:271155a7-e737-47ef-867b-35333dfe42a3)
by Magnus, J.R. & Woodland, A.D. - Separability and aggregation (RePEc:tiu:tiutis:7f5133e0-9f4a-46ae-b8c2-4cede0888680)
by Magnus, J.R. & Woodland, A.D. - Inter-fuel substitution in Dutch manufacturing (RePEc:tiu:tiutis:ac70331b-1a1e-465e-9ccc-819d16f3da7a)
by Magnus, J.R. & Woodland, A.D. - On the maximum likelihood estimation of multivariate regression models containing serially correlated error components (RePEc:tiu:tiutis:d2c3de60-5961-45db-932f-865b93ba00ac)
by Magnus, J.R. & Woodland, A.D. - Optimal Income Transfers and Tariffs (RePEc:udb:wpaper:0076)
by Kar-yiu Wong & Sajal LAHIRI & Pascalis RAIMONDOS-M & Alan D. WOODLAND - On the Relationship between Preferential and Multilateral Trade Liberalization: The Case of Customs Unions (RePEc:van:wpaper:1116)
by Kamal Saggi & Alan Woodland & Halis Murat Yildiz - Tariff strategies and small open economies (RePEc:wly:canjec:v:33:y:2000:i:1:p:25-40)
by Pascalis Raimondos‐Møller & Alan D. Woodland - Growth, expectations and tariffs (RePEc:wly:canjec:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:1441-1469)
by Seppo Honkapohja & Arja H. Turunen‐Red & Alan D. Woodland - Multi‐product exporters, variable markups and exchange rate fluctuations (RePEc:wly:canjec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:1130-1160)
by Mauro Caselli & Arpita Chatterjee & Alan Woodland - On the Relationship between Preferential and Multilateral Trade Liberalization: The Case of Customs Unions (RePEc:wsi:wschap:9789813233058_0009)
by Kamal Saggi & Alan Woodland & Halis Murat Yildiz - The Effects of Foreign Price Uncertainty on Australian Production and Trade (RePEc:yca:wpaper:2008_03)
by Elie Appelbaum & Alan D. Woodland - Growth, expectations and tariffs (RePEc:zbw:bofrdp:rdp2011_009)
by Honkapohja, Seppo & Turunen-Red, Arja H. & Woodland, Alan D.