Raquel Fonseca
Names
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Raquel |
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Fonseca |
Identifer
Contact
Affiliations
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Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)
/ École des Sciences de la Gestion (ESG)
/ Département des Sciences Économiques (weight: 62%)
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RAND
/ Labor and Population Program (weight: 4%)
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Centre de Recherche sur les Risques, les Enjeux Économiques et les Politiques Publiques (CRREP) (weight: 4%)
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Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Économie Quantitative (CIREQ) (weight: 15%)
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Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse des Organisations (CIRANO) (weight: 15%)
Research profile
author of:
- Divergence in Labor Market Institutions and International Business Cycles (RePEc:adr:anecst:y:2009:i:95-96:p:279-314)
by Raquel Fonseca & Lise Patureau & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Labour Market Reform and the Beveridge Curve across Italian Regions (RePEc:ail:chapts:01-06)
by Sergio Destefanis & Raquel Fonseca - Financial Development, Labor and Market Regulations and Growth (RePEc:bbe:wpaper:0503)
by Raquel Fonseca & Natalia Utrero - Financial Development, Labor and Market Regulations and Growth (RePEc:bbe:wpaper:200503)
by Raquel Fonseca & Natalia Utrero-González - What Explains the Gender Gap in Financial Literacy? The Role of Household Decision Making (RePEc:bla:jconsa:v:46:y:2012:i:1:p:90-106)
by Raquel Fonseca & Kathleen J. Mullen & Gema Zamarro & Julie Zissimopoulos - Matching Efficiency and Labour Market Reform in Italy: A Macroeconometric Assessment (RePEc:bla:labour:v:21:y:2007:i:1:p:57-84)
by Sergio Destefanis & Raquel Fonseca - Business Cycle Comovement and Labor Market Institutions: An Empirical Investigation (RePEc:bla:reviec:v:18:y:2010:i:5:p:865-881)
by Raquel Fonseca & Lise Patureau & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Self–Employment, Wealth and Start–up Costs: Evidence from a Financial Crisis (RePEc:bpj:bejeap:v:18:y:2018:i:3:p:28:n:2)
by Elitcha Koffi & Fonseca Raquel - Italian Labour Frictions and Wage Rigidities in an Estimated DSGE (RePEc:bzn:wpaper:bemps88)
by Josué Diwambuena & Raquel Fonseca & Stefan Schubert - Spanish Unemployment Persistence and the Ladder Effect (RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp0538)
by Fabrice Collard & Raquel Fonseca & Rafael Munoz - The Determinants of Self-Employment in Quebec and Canada (1993-2010) (RePEc:cir:circah:2015n-12a)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord - Les déterminants du travail autonome au Québec et au Canada (1993-2010) (RePEc:cir:circah:2015n-12f)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord - Besoin de revoir les mesures de soutien du revenu? Effets sur l’incitation au travail (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-22)
by David Boisclair & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Gäelle Simard-Duplain & Pierre-Yves Yanni - Do we Need to Take Another Look at Income Support? Impacts on the Incentive to Work (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-23)
by David Boisclair & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Gäelle Simard-Duplain & Pierre-Yves Yanni - Effets de la pandémie sur les finances personnelles : Un premier coup d’œil (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-24)
by Bertrand Achou & David Boisclair & Philippe d’Astous & Raquel Fonseca & Franca Glenzer & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Impacts of the Pandemic on Personal Finances: A Preliminary Assessment (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-25)
by Bertrand Achou & David Boisclair & Philippe d’Astous & Raquel Fonseca & Franca Glenzer & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Portrait des ménages ayant reçu la Prestation Canadienne d’Urgence et pistes de réflexion (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-28)
by Bertrand Achou & David Boisclair & Philippe d’Astous & Raquel Fonseca & Franca Glenzer & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Snapshot of Households That Received the Canada Emergency Response Benefit and Paths for Further Investigation (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-30)
by Bertrand Achou & David Boisclair & Philippe d’Astous & Raquel Fonseca & Franca Glenzer & Pierre-Carl Michaud - La COVID-19 et le marché du travail : Bilan des derniers mois et leçons tirées des études internationales (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-31)
by David Boisclair & Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Effets de la pandémie et des mesures de soutien sur l’impôt des particuliers au Québec et au Canada (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-32)
by David Boisclair & Raquel Fonseca & Marianne Laurin & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Paul Ouimet & Gäelle Simard-Duplain & Pierre-Yves Yanni - Le Transfert Canadien en Santé doit être bonifié afin d’assurer les services dans un contexte de vieillissement accéléré (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pe-41)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Julien Navaux - La santé au cœur de la relance économique du Québec (RePEc:cir:circah:2020pr-01)
by Marianne Araj & Jolianne Bolduc & Clara Bolster-Foucault & Roxane Borgès Da Silva & Mélanie Bourassa Forcier & Francesca Brundisini & Siramane Coulibaly & Carl-Ardy Dubois & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Ca - L’évolution et la composition de la richesse des ménages Québécois (RePEc:cir:circah:2023pr-04)
by Raquel Fonseca & Markus Poschke - L'impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les finances des ménages (RePEc:cir:cirpro:2020rp-15)
by Bertrand Achou & David Boisclair & Raquel Fonseca & Franca Glenzer & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Évolution séculaire du profil des salaires en fonction de l’âge : Québec, Canada et États-Unis (RePEc:cir:cirpro:2020rp-21)
by Benoit Dostie & Genevieve Dufour & Raquel Fonseca & Étienne Lalé - La pandémie de COVID-19 et ses effets sur les finances publiques du gouvernement du Québec 2020-2035 (RePEc:cir:cirpro:2020rp-29)
by Bertrand Achou & Yann Décarie & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Julien Navaux - Le lien entre les compétences en numératie et les rendements sur le marché du travail au Québec (RePEc:cir:cirpro:2021rp-11)
by Raquel Fonseca & Marie Mélanie Fontaine & Catherine Haeck - Does Retirement Make you Happy? A Simultaneous Equations Approach (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2015s-07)
by Raquel Fonseca & Arie Kapteyn & Jinkook Lee & Gema Zamarro - Les déterminants du travail autonome au Québec et au Canada (1993-2010) (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2015s-45)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord - Distributional Effects of Social Security Reforms: the Case of France (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2015s-49)
by Raquel Fonseca - Labor Market Policies and Self-Employment Transitions of Older Workers (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2015s-50)
by Dimitris Christelis & Raquel Fonseca - Self-Employment, Wealth and Start-up Costs: Evidence from a Financial Crisis (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2016s-51)
by Koffi Elitcha & Raquel Fonseca - The Effect of Education on Health: Evidence from National Compulsory Schooling Reforms (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2018s-10)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Yuhui Zheng - Comparing the Education Gradient in Chronic Disease Incidence Among the Elderly in Six OECD Countries (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2018s-11)
by Aurélie Côté-Sergent & Raquel Fonseca & Erin C. Strumpf - Canadian Gender Gap in Financial Literacy: Confidence Matters (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2019s-34)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord - Income Volatility, Health and Well-Being (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2020s-01)
by Amélie Adeline & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Public Pensions and Low Income Dynamics in Canada (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2020s-09)
by Mayssun El-Attar & Raquel Fonseca - Self-Employment at Older Ages in Canada (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2020s-11)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord & Simon C. Parker - Understanding Cross-Country Differences in Health Status and Expenditures (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2020s-16)
by Raquel Fonseca & François Langot & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Guaranteed Minimum Income: the Case of Quebec (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2020s-39)
by Dorothée Boccanfuso & Jean-Michel Cousineau & Raquel Fonseca - Stress and Retirement (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2021s-10)
by Raquel Fonseca & Hugo Morin & Ana I. Moro-Egido - Italian Labour Frictions and Wage Rigidities in an Estimated DSGE (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2021s-33)
by Josué Diwambuena & Raquel Fonseca & Stefan Schubert - Replacement rates of public pensions in Canada: heterogeneity across socio-economic status (RePEc:cir:cirwor:2022s-11)
by Nicholas-James Clavet & Mayssun El-Attar & Raquel Fonseca - Distributional effects of social security reforms: The case of France (RePEc:cje:issued:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:1289-1320)
by Raquel Fonseca & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Can the matching model account for Spanish unemployment? (RePEc:cpm:cepmap:0203)
by Fonseca, Raquel & Munoz, Rafael - Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Household Finances in Quebec (RePEc:cpp:issued:v:46:y:2020:i:s3:p:s217-s235)
by Bertrand Achou & David Boisclair & Philippe d’Astous & Raquel Fonseca & Franca Glenzer & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Can the Matching Model Account for Spanish Unemployment ? (RePEc:ctl:louvir:1999012)
by Fonseca, Raquel & Muñoz, Rafael - Public pensions and low-income dynamics in Canada (RePEc:cup:jpenef:v:22:y:2023:i:2:p:238-263_5)
by El-Attar, Mayssun & Fonseca, Raquel - Stress and retirement (RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:131:y:2024:i:c:s0264999323004297)
by Fonseca, Raquel & Moro-Egido, Ana I. & Morin, Hugo - Entrepreneurship, start-up costs and employment (RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:45:y:2001:i:4-6:p:692-705)
by Fonseca, Raquel & Lopez-Garcia, Paloma & Pissarides, Christopher A. - Comparing the education gradient in health deterioration among the elderly in six OECD countries (RePEc:eee:hepoli:v:124:y:2020:i:3:p:326-335)
by Côté-Sergent, Aurelie & Fonseca, Raquel & Strumpf, Erin - Spanish unemployment persistence and the ladder effect (RePEc:ehl:lserod:20073)
by Collard, Fabrice & Fonseca, Raquel & Munoz, Rafael - Entrepreneurship among older workers: international evidence (RePEc:elg:eechap:18166_1)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon C. Parker - Business cycle comovement and labor market institutions:An empirical investigation (RePEc:ema:worpap:2008-05)
by Raquel Fonseca & Lise Patureau & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Divergence in Labor Market Institutions and International Business Cycles (RePEc:ema:worpap:2008-14)
by Raquel Fonseca & Lise Patureau & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Financial Development, Labor and Market Regulations and Growth (RePEc:eve:wpaper:05-05)
by Raquel Fonseca & Natalia Utrero - Welfare Effects of Social Security Reforms across Europe: the Case of France and Italy (RePEc:eve:wpaper:05-08)
by Raquel Fonseca & Theptida Sopraseuth - Richesse, contrainte de liquidité et coût de création d’entreprise (RePEc:eve:wpaper:07-02)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Stress and Retirement (RePEc:gra:wpaper:22/14)
by Raquel Fonseca & Hugo Morin & Ana I. Moro-Egido - Unknown item RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04204679 (paper)
- Le travail indépendant passé 50 ans : le rôle de la richesse individuelle et des coûts de création d'entreprise (RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00754186)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Le travail indépendant passé 50 ans : le rôle de la richesse individuelle et des coûts de création d'entreprise (RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-00754186)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Understanding Cross-Country Differences In Health Status And Expenditures (RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03679009)
by Raquel Fonseca & François Langot & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Canadian Gender Gap in Financial Literacy: Confidence Matters (RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:235:i:4:p:153-182)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord - Can the matching model account for Spanish unemployment? (RePEc:iec:inveco:v:27:y:2003:i:2:p:277-308)
by Raquel Fonseca & Rafael Muñoz - Income Volatility, Health and Well-Being (RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12823)
by Adeline, Amelie & Crèvecoeur, Ismael Choinière & Fonseca, Raquel & Michaud, Pierre-Carl - Entrepreneurship, Wealth, Liquidity Constraints and Start-up Costs (RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2874)
by Fonseca, Raquel & Michaud, Pierre-Carl & Sopraseuth, Thepthida - On The Rise of Health Spending and Longevity (RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4622)
by Fonseca, Raquel & Michaud, Pierre-Carl & Galama, Titus & Kapteyn, Arie - Accounting for the Rise of Health Spending and Longevity (RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7622)
by Fonseca, Raquel & Michaud, Pierre-Carl & Kapteyn, Arie & Galama, Titus - Does Retirement Make you Happy? a Simulaneous Equations Approach (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1409)
by Raquel Fonseca & Arie Kapteyn & Jinkook Lee & Gema Zamarro - Distributional Effects of Social Security Reforms: the Case of France (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1515)
by Raquel Fonseca & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Labor Market Policies and Self-Employment Transitions of Older Workers (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1516)
by Dimitris Christelis & Raquel Fonseca - Les déterminants du travail autonome au Québec et au Canada (1993-201 (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1517)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord - Self-Employment, Wealth and Start-up Costs: Evidence from a Financial Crisis (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1607)
by Koffi Elitcha & Raquel Fonseca - Retirement Behavior in the U.S. and Europe (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1609)
by Jochem de Bresser & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Retirement and Cognitive Functioning: International Evidence (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1610)
by Raquel Fonseca & Arie Kapteyn & Gema Zamarro - Comparing the Education Gradient in Chronic Disease Incidence among the Elderly in Six OECD Countries (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1801)
by Aurélie Côté-Sergent & Raquel Fonseca & Erin Strumpf - The Effect of Education on Health: Evidence from National Compulsory Schooling Reforms (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1802)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Yuhui Zheng - Accounting for the Rise of Health Spending and Longevity (RePEc:lvl:criacr:1806)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Arie Kapteyn & Titus Galama - The Effect of Education on Health: Cross-Country Evidence (RePEc:lvl:lacicr:1325)
by Raquel Fonseca & Yuhui Zheng - Accounting for the Rise of Health Spending and Longevity (RePEc:lvl:lacicr:1326)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Arie Kapteyn & Titus Galama - Entrepreneurship, Liquidity Constraints and Start-up Costs (RePEc:mcm:sedapp:173)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Does Retirement Make you Happy? A Simultaneous Equations Approach (RePEc:mrr:papers:wp310)
by Raquel Fonseca & Arie Kapteyn & Jinkook Lee & Gema Zamarro - Does Retirement Make You Happy? A Simultaneous Equations Approach (RePEc:nbr:nberch:13641)
by Raquel Fonseca & Arie Kapteyn & Jinkook Lee & Gema Zamarro - Understanding Cross-country Differences in Health Status and Expenditures (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26876)
by Raquel Fonseca & François Langot & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Accounting for the Rise of Health Spending and Longevity (RePEc:oup:jeurec:v:19:y:2021:i:1:p:536-579.)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Titus Galama & Arie Kapteyn - Le travail indépendant passé 50 ans : le rôle de la richesse individuelle et des coûts de création d'entreprise (RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2007_num_403_1_7088)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Labour-Market Reforms and the Beveridge Curve Some Macro Evidence for Italy (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-436)
by Sergio Destafanis & Raquel Fonseca Benito - Welfare Effects of Social Security Reforms Across Europe The Case of France and Italy (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-437)
by Raquel Fonseca Benito & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Employment Protection Laws, Barriers to Entrepreneurship, Financial Markets and Firm Size (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-454)
by Raquel Fonseca Benito & Natalia Utrero - Entrepreneurship, Wealth, Liquidity Constraints and Start-up Costs (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-500)
by Raquel Fonseca Benito & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Business Cycle Comovement and Labor Market Institutions An Empirical Investigation (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-511)
by Raquel Fonseca Benito & Lise Patureau & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Divergence in Labor Market Institutions and International Business Cycles (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-562)
by Raquel Fonseca Benito & Lise Patureau & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Grossman's Health Threshold and Retirement (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-658)
by Titus Galama & Arie Kapteyn & Raquel Fonseca Benito & Pierre-Carl Michaud - On the Rise of Health Spending and Longevity (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-722)
by Raquel Fonseca Benito & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Titus Galama & Arie Kapteyn - What Explains the Gender Gap in Financial Literacy? The Role of Household Decision-Making (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-762)
by Raquel Fonseca Benito & Kathleen J. Mullen & Gema Zamarro & Julie Zissimopoulos - The Effect of Education on Health Cross-Country Evidence (RePEc:ran:wpaper:wr-864)
by Raquel Fonseca Benito & Yuhui Zheng - Les déterminants du travail autonome au Québec et au Canada (1993-2010) (RePEc:ris:actuec:0151)
by Fonseca, Raquel & Lord, Simon - Canadian Gender Gap in Financial Literacy: Confidence Matters (RePEc:rsi:creeic:1905)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord - Income Volatility, Health and Well-Being (RePEc:rsi:creeic:1906)
by Amélie Adeline & Ismaël Choinière Crèvecoeur & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud - Public Pensions and Low Income Dynamics in Canada (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2002)
by Mayssun El-Attar & Raquel Fonseca - Self-Employment at Older Ages in Canada (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2003)
by Raquel Fonseca & Simon Lord & Simon C. Parker - Understanding Cross-country Differences in Health Status and Expenditures (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2004)
by Raquel Fonseca & François Langot & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Guaranteed Minimum Income: the case of Quebec (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2005)
by Dorothée Boccanfuso & Jean-Michel Cousineau & Raquel Fonseca - La pandémie de COVID-19 et ses effets sur les finances publiques du gouvernement du Québec 2020-2035 (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2006)
by Bertrand Achou & Yann Décarie & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Julien Navaux - Stress and Retirement (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2103)
by Raquel Fonseca & Hugo Morin & Ana I. Moro-Egido - Italian Labour Frictions and Wage Rigidities in an Estimated DSGE (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2105)
by Josué Diwambuena & Raquel Fonseca & Stefan Schubert - Replacement Rates of Public Pensions in Canada: Heterogeneity across SocioEconomic Status (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2202)
by Nicholas-James Clavet & Mayssun El-Attar & Raquel Fonseca - Labor Market Institutions, Productivity, and the Business Cycle: An Application to Italy (RePEc:rsi:creeic:2302)
by Josué Diwambuena & Raquel Fonseca & Stefan Schubert - Matching Efficiency and Labour Market Reform in Italy. A Macroeconometric Assessment (RePEc:sal:celpdp:93)
by Sergio Destefanis & Raquel Fonseca - On the Interaction between Unemployment and Inter-regional Mobility (RePEc:sef:csefwp:105)
by Raquel Fonseca - Spanish Unemployment Persistence and the Ladder Effect (RePEc:sef:csefwp:106)
by Fabrice Collard & Raquel Fonseca & Rafael Muñoz - Do Market Regulation and Financial Imperfections Affect Firm Size? New Empirical Evidence (RePEc:sef:csefwp:119)
by Raquel Fonseca & Natalia Utrero González - Welfare Effects of Social Security Reforms Across Europe : the Case of France and Italy (RePEc:sef:csefwp:138)
by Raquel Fonseca & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Labour-Market Reforms and the Beveridge Curve. Some Macro Evidence for Italy (RePEc:sef:csefwp:168)
by Sergio Destefanis & Raquel Fonseca - Labour Market Reform and the Beveridge Curve across Italian Regions (RePEc:spr:aiechp:978-3-7908-1680-8_6)
by Sergio Destefanis & Raquel Fonseca - The effect of education on health: evidence from national compulsory schooling reforms (RePEc:spr:series:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s13209-019-0201-0)
by Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Yuhui Zheng - Financial markets and firm size: The role of employment protection laws and barriers to entrepreneurship (RePEc:taf:applec:v:49:y:2017:i:26:p:2515-2531)
by Raquel Fonseca & Natalia Utrero - Retirement Behavior in the U.S. and Europe (RePEc:tiu:tiutis:85881fac-0f1b-4090-8d9f-d3ae7b684f72)
by de Bresser, Jochem & Fonseca, Raquel & Michaud, Pierre-Carl - Understanding Cross-Country Differences in Health Status and Expenditures: Health Prices Matter (RePEc:ucp:jpolec:doi:10.1086/724113)
by Raquel Fonseca & François Langot & Pierre-Carl Michaud & Thepthida Sopraseuth - Distributional effects of social security reforms: The case of France (RePEc:wly:canjec:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:1289-1320)
by Raquel Fonseca & Thepthida Sopraseuth - A Health Production Model With Endogenous Retirement (RePEc:wly:hlthec:v:22:y:2013:i:8:p:883-902)
by Titus Galama & Arie Kapteyn & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre‐Carl Michaud - Financial Development, Labor and Market Regulations and Growth (RePEc:wpa:wuwpfi:0509016)
by Raquel FONSECA & Natalia UTRERO- GONZALEZ