Christopher Otrok
Names
first: |
Christopher |
last: |
Otrok |
Identifer
Contact
Affiliations
-
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
/ Economic Research Department
Research profile
author of:
- News Shocks and the Slope of the Term Structure of Interest Rates (RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:103:y:2013:i:6:p:2612-32)
by Andr? Kurmann & Christopher Otrok - News Shocks and the Slope of the Term Structure of Interest Rates: Reply (RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:107:y:2017:i:10:p:3250-56)
by André Kurmann & Christopher Otrok - Long-Run Neutrality and Superneutrality in an ARIMA Framework: Comment (RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:84:y:1994:i:5:p:1470-73)
by Boschen, John F & Otrok, Christopher M - International Business Cycles: World, Region, and Country-Specific Factors (RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:93:y:2003:i:4:p:1216-1239)
by M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Charles H. Whiteman - Optimal Policy for Macrofinancial Stability (RePEc:aea:aejmac:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:401-28)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Sources of Business Cycles in a Low Income Country (RePEc:bla:pacecr:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:125-148)
by Romain Houssa & Jolan Mohimont & Christopher Otrok - On the cyclicality of real wages and wage differentials (RePEc:bpj:bejmac:v:19:y:2019:i:1:p:18:n:3)
by Otrok Christopher & Pourpourides Panayiotis M. - On The Cyclicality of Real Wages and Wage Differentials (RePEc:cdf:wpaper:2008/19)
by Otrok, Christopher & Pourpourides, Panayiotis M. - Revisiting Overborrowing and Its Policy Implications (RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1020)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Chris Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - Financial Crises and Macro-Prudential Policies (RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1032)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Capital Controls or Exchange Rate Policy? A Pecuniary Externality Perspective (RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1160)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Optimal Policy for Macro-Financial Stability (RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1172)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Chris Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - Credit Shocks and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Emerging Markets (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_4281)
by Romain Houssa & Jolan Mohimont & Chris Otrok - A Model for International Spillovers to Emerging Markets (RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7702)
by Romain Houssa & Jolan Mohimont & Chris Otrok - Optimal Capital Controls and Real Exchange Rate Policies: A Pecuniary Externality Perspective (RePEc:cfm:wpaper:1512)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Revisiting Overborrowing and its Policy Implications (RePEc:chb:bcchsb:v16c06pp145-184)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Revisiting Overborrowing and its Policy Implications (RePEc:chb:bcchwp:582)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Global Macro-Financial Cycles and Spillovers (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:14404)
by Kose, M. Ayhan & Ha, Jongrim & Otrok, Christopher & Prasad, Eswar - Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime-Switching Approach (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:14545)
by Rebucci, Alessandro & Benigno, Gianluca & Foerster, Andrew & Otrok, Christopher - Revisiting Overborrowing and its Policy Implications (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:7872)
by Rebucci, Alessandro & Benigno, Gianluca & Otrok, Christopher & Chen, Huigang & Young, Eric - Financial Crisis and Macro-Prudential Policies (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:8175)
by Rebucci, Alessandro & Benigno, Gianluca & Otrok, Christopher & Chen, Huigang & Young, Eric - Optimal Policy for Macro-Financial Stability (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9223)
by Rebucci, Alessandro & Benigno, Gianluca & Otrok, Christopher & Chen, Huigang & Young, Eric - Optimal Capital Controls and Real Exchange Rate Policies: A Pecuniary Externality Perspective (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9936)
by Rebucci, Alessandro & Benigno, Gianluca & Otrok, Christopher & Chen, Huigang & Young, Eric - COVID-19: A double whammy of financial and economic sudden stops for emerging economies (RePEc:cpr:ebchap:p330-24)
by Gianluca Benigno & Andrew T. Foerster & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci - On the Cyclicality of Real Wages and Wage Differentials (RePEc:cyb:wpaper:2011-4)
by Christopher Otrok & Panayiotis M. Pourpourides - Gauss programs for On Measuring the Welfare Costs of Business Cycles (RePEc:dge:qmrbcd:79)
by Christopher Otrok - On Measuring the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles (RePEc:ecm:wc2000:1094)
by Christopher Otrok - Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control (RePEc:eee:dyncon)
from Elsevier as editor - Commodity exports, financial frictions, and international spillovers (RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:158:y:2023:i:c:s0014292123000946)
by Houssa, Romain & Mohimont, Jolan & Otrok, Christopher - Do credit shocks matter? A global perspective (RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:55:y:2011:i:3:p:340-353)
by Helbling, Thomas & Huidrom, Raju & Kose, M. Ayhan & Otrok, Christopher - Understanding the evolution of world business cycles (RePEc:eee:inecon:v:75:y:2008:i:1:p:110-130)
by Ayhan Kose, M. & Otrok, Christopher & Whiteman, Charles H. - Financial crises and macro-prudential policies (RePEc:eee:inecon:v:89:y:2013:i:2:p:453-470)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - On measuring the welfare cost of business cycles (RePEc:eee:moneco:v:47:y:2001:i:1:p:61-92)
by Otrok, Christopher - Habit formation: a resolution of the equity premium puzzle? (RePEc:eee:moneco:v:49:y:2002:i:6:p:1261-1288)
by Otrok, Christopher & Ravikumar, B. & Whiteman, Charles H. - 99 Luftballons: Monetary policy and the house price boom across U.S. states (RePEc:eee:moneco:v:54:y:2007:i:7:p:1962-1985)
by Del Negro, Marco & Otrok, Christopher - A generalized volatility bound for dynamic economies (RePEc:eee:moneco:v:54:y:2007:i:8:p:2269-2290)
by Otrok, Christopher & Ravikumar, B. & Whiteman, Charles H. - Optimal capital controls and real exchange rate policies: A pecuniary externality perspective (RePEc:eee:moneco:v:84:y:2016:i:c:p:147-165)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Global House Price Fluctuations: Synchronization and Determinants (RePEc:een:camaaa:2013-07)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Marco E. Terrones - Regionalization vs. Globalization (RePEc:een:camaaa:2013-09)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok - Global macro-financial cycles and spillovers (RePEc:een:camaaa:2020-12)
by Jongrim Ha & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Eswar S. Prasad - Financial crises and macro-prudential policies (RePEc:ehl:lserod:121705)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Revisiting overborrowing and its policy implications (RePEc:ehl:lserod:121730)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Capital controls or exchange rate policy? A pecuniary externality perspective (RePEc:ehl:lserod:51505)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Optimal policy for macro-financial stability (RePEc:ehl:lserod:51519)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Chris & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric - Optimal capital controls and real exchange rate policies: a pecuniary externality perspective (RePEc:ehl:lserod:68594)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Optimal capital controls and real exchange rate policies: A pecuniary externality perspective (RePEc:ehl:lserod:86312)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Unknown item RePEc:eme:aeco11:s0731-905320150000035009 (chapter)
- Specification and Estimation of Bayesian Dynamic Factor Models: A Monte Carlo Analysis with an Application to Global House Price Comovement (RePEc:eme:aecozz:s0731-905320150000035009)
by Laura E. Jackson & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Michael T. Owyang - Regionalization vs. Globalization (RePEc:eti:dpaper:13004)
by HIRATA Hideaki & Ayhan KOSE & Christopher OTROK - Monetary policy and the house price boom across U.S. states (RePEc:fip:fedawp:2005-24)
by Marco Del Negro & Christopher Otrok - Commodity Exports, Financial Frictions and International Spillovers (RePEc:fip:feddgw:95404)
by Romain Houssa & Jolan Mohimont & Christopher Otrok - Sudden Stops and COVID-19: Lessons from Mexico’s History (RePEc:fip:fedfel:89013)
by Gianluca Benigno & Andrew Foerster & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci - Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime-Switching Approach (RePEc:fip:fedfwp:87709)
by Gianluca Benigno & Andrew Foerster & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci - Regional vs. Global: How Are Countries' Business Cycles Moving Together These Days? (RePEc:fip:fedlre:00070)
by Diana A. Cooke & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Michael T. Owyang - Asset Pricing Through the Lens of the Hansen-Jagannathan Bound (RePEc:fip:fedlrv:88593)
by Christopher Otrok & B. Ravikumar - News shocks and the slope of the term structure of interest rates (RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2012-011)
by Andre Kurmann & Christopher Otrok - Capital controls or exchange rate policy? a pecuniary externality perspective (RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2012-025)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - Optimal policy for macro-financial stability (RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2012-041)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - Regionalization vs. globalization (RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2013-002)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok - Specification and Estimation of Bayesian Dynamic Factor Models: A Monte Carlo Analysis with an Application to Global House Price Comovement (RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2015-031)
by Laura E. Jackson & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Michael T. Owyang - Tax Progressivity, Economic Booms, and Trickle-Up Economics (RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2019-034)
by Laura E. Jackson & Christopher Otrok & Michael T. Owyang - Dynamic factor models with time-varying parameters: measuring changes in international business cycles (RePEc:fip:fednsr:326)
by Marco Del Negro & Christopher Otrok - Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime-Switching Approach (RePEc:fip:fednsr:88974)
by Gianluca Benigno & Andrew T. Foerster & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci - Optimal Policy for Macro-Financial Stability (RePEc:fip:fednsr:899)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - M2 and monetary policy: a critical review of the recent debate (RePEc:fip:fedreq:y:1994:i:win:p:41-49)
by Michael Dotsey & Christopher Otrok - The rational expectations hypothesis of the term structure, monetary policy, and time-varying term premia (RePEc:fip:fedreq:y:1995:i:win:p:65-81)
by Michael Dotsey & Christopher Otrok - Forecasting the effects of reduced defense spending (RePEc:fip:fedrer:y:1992:i:nov:p:3-11:n:v.78no.6)
by Peter N. Ireland & Christopher Otrok - Could More Progressive Taxes Increase Income Inequality? (RePEc:fip:l00001:88008)
by Laura E. Jackson & Christopher Otrok & Michael T. Owyang - Revisiting Overborrowing and Its Policy Implications (RePEc:idb:brikps:1965)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Financial Crises and Macro-Prudential Policies (RePEc:idb:brikps:3096)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Optimal Policy for Macro-Financial Stability (RePEc:idb:brikps:4202)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Capital Controls or Real Exchange Rate Policy?: A Pecuniary Externality Perspective (RePEc:idb:brikps:4246)
by Benigno, Gianluca & Chen, Huigang & Otrok, Christopher & Rebucci, Alessandro & Young, Eric R. - Revisiting Overborrowing and its Policy Implications (RePEc:idb:wpaper:4676)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - Financial Crises and Macro-Prudential Policies (RePEc:idb:wpaper:4710)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - Optimal Policy for Macro-Financial Stability (RePEc:idb:wpaper:4818)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - Capital Controls or Real Exchange Rate Policy? A Pecuniary Externality Perspective (RePEc:idb:wpaper:idb-wp-393)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric Young - Bayesian Leading Indicators: Measuring and Predicting Economic Conditions in Iowa (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:39:y:1998:i:4:p:997-1014)
by Otrok, Christopher & Whiteman, Charles H - Spectral Welfare Cost Functions (RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:42:y:2001:i:2:p:345-67)
by Otrok, Christopher - Understanding the Evolution of World Business Cycles (RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2005/211)
by Mr. Ayhan Kose & Mr. Christopher Otrok & Charles H. Whiteman - Global Business Cycles: Convergence or Decoupling? (RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2008/143)
by Mr. Ayhan Kose & Mr. Eswar S Prasad & Mr. Christopher Otrok - Do Credit Shocks Matter? A Global Perspective (RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2010/261)
by Mr. Thomas Helbling & Mr. Ayhan Kose & Mr. Christopher Otrok & Raju Huidrom - Regionalization vs. Globalization (RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2013/019)
by Mr. Hideaki Hirata & Mr. Ayhan Kose & Mr. Christopher Otrok - Global House Price Fluctuations: Synchronization and Determinants (RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2013/038)
by Mr. Hideaki Hirata & Mr. Ayhan Kose & Mr. Christopher Otrok & Mr. Marco Terrones - The Sources of Business Cycles in a Low Income Country (RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2015/040)
by Romain Houssa & Jolan Mohimont & Mr. Christopher Otrok - Global Macro-Financial Cycles and Spillovers (RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13000)
by Ha, Jongrim & Kose, M. Ayhan & Otrok, Christopher & Prasad, Eswar - Global Business Cycles: Convergence or Decoupling? (RePEc:iza:izadps:dp3442)
by Kose, M. Ayhan & Otrok, Christopher & Prasad, Eswar - Evaluating asset-pricing models using the Hansen-Jagannathan bound: a Monte Carlo investigation (RePEc:jae:japmet:v:17:y:2002:i:2:p:149-174)
by Christopher Otrok & B. Ravikumar & Charles H. Whiteman - A Model for Monetary Policy Analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa (RePEc:kap:openec:v:21:y:2010:i:1:p:127-145)
by Romain Houssa & Christopher Otrok & Radu Puslenghea - Regionalization vs. Globalization (RePEc:koc:wpaper:1302)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok - Global Macro-Financial Cycles and Spillovers (RePEc:koc:wpaper:2004)
by Jongrim Ha & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Eswar S. Prasad - News Shocks and the Slope of the Term Structure of Interest Rates (RePEc:lvl:lacicr:1005)
by André Kurmann & Christopher Otrok - A model for international spillovers to emerging markets (RePEc:nbb:reswpp:201904-370)
by Romain Houssa & Jolan Mohimont & Chris Otrok - Global House Price Fluctuations: Synchronization and Determinants (RePEc:nbr:nberch:12771)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Marco E. Terrones - Global Business Cycles: Convergence or Decoupling? (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14292)
by M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Eswar S. Prasad - What Are the Driving Forces of International Business Cycles? (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14380)
by Mario J. Crucini & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok - Global House Price Fluctuations: Synchronization and Determinants (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18362)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Marco E. Terrones - Optimal Capital Controls and Real Exchange Rate Policies: A Pecuniary Externality Perspective (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22224)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Optimal Policy for Macro-Financial Stability (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26397)
by Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Global Macro-Financial Cycles and Spillovers (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26798)
by Jongrim Ha & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Eswar S. Prasad - Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime-Switching Approach (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26935)
by Gianluca Benigno & Andrew Foerster & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci - Stochastic Discount Factor Models and the Equity Premium Puzzle (RePEc:pra:mprapa:22938)
by Otrok, Christopher & Ravikumar, B & Whiteman, Charles - Fiscal Policy in the Aftermath of the Crisis (RePEc:pra:mprapa:69897)
by Kollmann, Robert & Leeper, Eric & Otrok, Christopher & Roeger, Werner - Global House Price Fluctuations: Synchronization and Determinants (RePEc:qsh:wpaper:164451)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Chris Otrok & Marco Terrones - Regionalization vs. Globalization (RePEc:qsh:wpaper:164456)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Chris Otrok - Code and data files for "What are the driving forces of international business cycles?" (RePEc:red:ccodes:09-43)
by Mario Crucini & Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok - What are the driving forces of international business cycles? (RePEc:red:issued:09-43)
by Mario Crucini & Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok - Optimal Monetary Policy in a Medium Scale Model for Emerging Markets (RePEc:red:sed007:373)
by Eric R. Young & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Gianluca Benigno - What are the driving forces of international business cycles (RePEc:red:sed009:820)
by Christopher Otrok & Ayhan Kose & Mario J. Crucini - News Shocks and the Slope of the Term Structure of Interest Rates (RePEc:red:sed010:72)
by Christopher Otrok & Andre Kurmann - News Shocks and the Term Structure of Interest Rates: A Challenge for DSGE Models (RePEc:red:sed011:426)
by Christopher Otrok & Andre Kurmann - Optimal Policy for Macro-Financial Stability (RePEc:red:sed013:636)
by Huigang Chen & Eric Young & Christopher Otrok & Alessandro Rebucci & Gianluca Benigno - Capital Controls or Real Exchange Rate Policy? A Pecuniary Externality Perspective (RePEc:red:sed013:641)
by Eric Young & Alessandro Rebucci & Christopher Otrok - Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime Switching Approach (RePEc:red:sed017:572)
by Christopher Otrok & Andrew Foerster & Alessandro Rebucci & Gianluca Benigno - Spectral Implications of Security Market Data for Models of Dynamic Economies (RePEc:sce:scecf1:71)
by Christopher Otrok, B. Ravikumar, Charles H. Whiteman - Global House Price Fluctuations: Synchronization and Determinants (RePEc:ucp:intsma:doi:10.1086/669585)
by Hideaki Hirata & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Marco E Terrones - Bayesian Leading Indicators: Measuring and Predicting Economic Conditions in Iowa (RePEc:uia:iowaec:96-14)
by Otrok, C. & Whiteman, C.H. - Habit Formation: A Resolution of the Equity Premium Puzzle? (RePEc:uia:iowaec:98-04)
by Otrok, C. & Ravikumar, B. & Whiteman, C. - Evaluating Asset-Pricing Models Using The Hansen-Jagannathan Bound: A Monte Carlo Investigation (RePEc:uia:iowaec:99-01)
by Otrok, Christopher & Ravikumar, B. & Whiteman, Charles H. - On The Cyclicality of Real Wages and Wage Di¤erentials (RePEc:umc:wpaper:1116)
by Christopher Otrok & Panayiotis M. Pourpourides - Monetary and Macro-Prudential Policies: An Integrated Analysis (RePEc:umc:wpaper:1208)
by Christopher Otrok & Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - Capital Controls or Exchange Rate Policy? A Pecuniary Externality Perspective (RePEc:umc:wpaper:1209)
by Christopher Otrok & Gianluca Benigno & Huigang Chen & Alessandro Rebucci & Eric R. Young - What Are the Driving Forces of International Business Cycles? (RePEc:van:wpaper:0815)
by Mario J. Crucini & M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok - On Measuring the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles (RePEc:vir:virpap:318)
by Chris Otrok - Evaluating Asset-Pricing Models Using The Hansen-Jagannathan Bound: A Monte Carlo Investigation (RePEc:vir:virpap:350)
by Christopher Otrok & B. Ravikumar & Charles H. Whiteman - Global Business Cycles: Convergence Or Decoupling? (RePEc:wly:iecrev:v:53:y:2012:i:2:p:511-538)
by M. Ayhan Kose & Christopher Otrok & Eswar Prasad - Baynesian Leading Indicators: Measuring and Predicting Economic Conditions (RePEc:wpa:wuwpma:9610002)
by Christopher Otrok & Charles H. Whiteman - Global business cycles: convergence or decoupling? (RePEc:zbw:bubdp1:7557)
by Kose, M. Ayhan & Otrok, Christopher M. & Prasad, Eswar S.