Roman Kräussl

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Identifer

Contact

Affiliations

• City University / Bayes Business School / Faculty of Finance
  • EDIRC entry
  • location:

Research profile

author of:

• Has Europe Been Catching Up? An Industry Level Analysis of Venture Capital Success over 1985 - 2009 (RePEc:bfr:banfra:327)
  by Kraeussl, R. & Krause, S.
• Has Europe Been Catching Up? An Industry Level Analysis of Venture Capital Success over 1985–2009 (RePEc:bla:eufman:v:20:y:2014:i:1:p:179-205)
  by Roman Kräussl & Stefan Krause
• Biased Auctioneers (RePEc:bla:jfinan:v:78:y:2023:i:2:p:795-833)
  by Mathieu Aubry & Roman Kräussl & Gustavo Manso & Christophe Spaenjers
• Unknown item RePEc:cfs:cfswop:wp200318 (paper)
• Unknown item RePEc:cfs:cfswop:wp200322 (paper)
• Unknown item RePEc:cfs:cfswop:wp200323 (paper)
• Unknown item RePEc:cfs:cfswop:wp200625 (paper)
• Unknown item RePEc:cfs:cfswop:wp200631 (paper)
• Unknown item RePEc:cfs:cfswop:wp200632 (paper)
• Unknown item RePEc:cfs:cfswop:wp200633 (paper)
• Institutional Investors and Infrastructure Investing (RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15946)
  by Andonov, Aleksandar & Kräussl, Roman & Rauh, Joshua
• Washington Meets Wall Street: A Closer Examination of the Presidential Cylce Puzzle (RePEc:crf:wpaper:13-4)
  by Roman Kraussl & Andre Lucas & David R. Rijsbergen & Pieter Jelle van der Sluis & Evert B. Vrugt
• The Effect of Anticipated and Experienced Regret and Pride on Investors Future Selling Decisions (RePEc:crf:wpaper:13-5)
  by Roman Kraussl & Carmen Lee & Leo Paas
• Has Europe Been Catching Up? An Industry Level Analysis of Venture Capital Success over 1985-2009 (RePEc:crf:wpaper:13-6)
  by Roman Kraussl & Stefan Krause
• Does it Pay to Invest in Art? A Selection-corrected Returns Perspective (RePEc:crf:wpaper:13-7)
  by Roman Kraussl & Arthur Korteweg & Patrick Verwijmeren
• The 2011 European Short Sale Ban: An Option Market Perspective (RePEc:crf:wpaper:14-02)
  by Roman Kräussl & Luiz Félix & Philip Stork
• News Media Sentiment and Investor Behavior (RePEc:crf:wpaper:14-03)
  by Roman Kräussl & Elizaveta Mirgorodskaya
• Risk and Expected Returns of Private Equity Investments: Evidence Based on Market Prices (RePEc:crf:wpaper:14-04)
  by Roman Kräussl & Narasimhan Jegadeesh & Joshua M. Pollet
• Is there a Bubble in the Art Market? (RePEc:crf:wpaper:14-07)
  by Roman Kräussl & Thorsten Lehnert & Nicolas Martelin
• Art as an Aternative Asset Class: Risk and Return Characteristics of the Middle Eastern & Northern African Art Markets (RePEc:crf:wpaper:14-10)
  by Roman Kräussl
• Emotions-at-Risk: An Experimental Investigation into Emotions, Option Prices and Risk Perception (RePEc:crf:wpaper:14-11)
  by Roman Kräussl & Ronald Bosman & Thomas van Galen
• An Analysis of the Effects of the Severance Pay Reform on Credit to Italian SMEs (RePEc:crp:wpaper:59)
  by Riccardo Calcagno & Roman Kraeussl & Chiara Monticone
• Sovereign Ratings and Their Impact on Recent Financial Crises (RePEc:crt:wpaper:0002)
  by Roman Kraeussl
• Do Credit Rating Agencies Add to the Dynamics of Emerging Market Crises (RePEc:crt:wpaper:0304)
  by Roman Kraeussl
• Sovereign Credit Ratings and Their Impact on Recent Financial Crises (RePEc:crt:wpaper:0313)
  by Roman Kraeussl
• Do Changes in Sovereign Credit Ratings Contribute to Financial Contagion in Emerging Market Crises? (RePEc:crt:wpaper:0314)
  by Roman Kraeussl
• A Critique on the Proposed Use of External Sovereign Credit Ratings in Basel II (RePEc:crt:wpaper:0315)
  by Roman Kraeussl
• Cash Flow and Discount Rate Risk in Up and Down Markets: What Is Actually Priced? (RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:47:y:2012:i:06:p:1279-1301_00)
  by Botshekan, Mahmoud & Kraeussl, Roman & Lucas, Andre
• The Subsidy to Infrastructure as an Asset Class (RePEc:ecl:stabus:3737)
  by Andonov, Aleksandar & Kraussl, Roman & Rauh, Joshua D.
• Blockholder dispersion and firm value (RePEc:eee:corfin:v:17:y:2011:i:5:p:1330-1339)
  by Konijn, Sander J.J. & Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, Andre
• Emerging art markets (RePEc:eee:ememar:v:11:y:2010:i:4:p:301-318)
  by Kraeussl, Roman & Logher, Robin
• Risk and return characteristics of Islamic equity funds (RePEc:eee:ememar:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:189-203)
  by Hayat, Raphie & Kraeussl, Roman
• Credit cycles and macro fundamentals (RePEc:eee:empfin:v:16:y:2009:i:1:p:42-54)
  by Koopman, Siem Jan & Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André & Monteiro, André B.
• Is there a bubble in the art market? (RePEc:eee:empfin:v:35:y:2016:i:c:p:99-109)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lehnert, Thorsten & Martelin, Nicolas
• The European sovereign debt crisis: What have we learned? (RePEc:eee:empfin:v:38:y:2016:i:pa:p:363-373)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lehnert, Thorsten & Stefanova, Denitsa
• Euro crash risk (RePEc:eee:empfin:v:38:y:2016:i:pa:p:417-428)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lehnert, Thorsten & Senulytė, Sigita
• Risk aversion under preference uncertainty (RePEc:eee:finlet:v:9:y:2012:i:1:p:1-7)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André & Siegmann, Arjen
• Do credit rating agencies add to the dynamics of emerging market crises? (RePEc:eee:finsta:v:1:y:2005:i:3:p:355-385)
  by Kraussl, Roman
• The 2011 European short sale ban: A cure or a curse? (RePEc:eee:finsta:v:25:y:2016:i:c:p:115-131)
  by Félix, Luiz & Kräussl, Roman & Stork, Philip
• Modifier words in the financial press and investor expectations (RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:138:y:2017:i:c:p:85-98)
  by Bosman, Ronald & Kräussl, Roman & Mirgorodskaya, Elizaveta
• Revisiting the home bias puzzle: Downside equity risk (RePEc:eee:jimfin:v:26:y:2007:i:7:p:1239-1260)
  by Campbell, Rachel A. & Kraussl, Roman
• Washington meets Wall Street: A closer examination of the presidential cycle puzzle (RePEc:eee:jimfin:v:43:y:2014:i:c:p:50-69)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André & Rijsbergen, David R. & van der Sluis, Pieter Jelle & Vrugt, Evert B.
• Venture Capital in Europe (RePEc:eee:monogr:9780750682596)
  by Gregoriou, Greg N. & Kooli, Maher & Kraeussl, Roman
• Unknown item RePEc:eme:jfep00:17576381111152227 (article)
• Unknown item RePEc:eme:jfeppp:17576381111152227 (article)
• An analysis of the effects of the severance payment reform on credit to Italian SMEs (RePEc:eme:jfeppp:v:3:y:2011:i:3:p:243-261)
  by Riccardo Calcagno & Roman Kraeussl & Chiara Monticone
• An analysis of the effects of the severance payment reform on credit to Italian SMEs (RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02312612)
  by Riccardo Calcagno & Roman Kraussl & Chiara Monticone
• Machines and Masterpieces: Predicting Prices in the Art Auction Market (RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02896049)
  by Mathieu Aubry & Roman Kraeussl & Gustavo Manso & Christophe Spaenjers
• Fractional Equity, Blockchain, and the Future of Creative Work (RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:66:y:2020:i:10:p:4594-4611)
  by Amy Whitaker & Roman Kräussl
• Sovereign ratings and their impact on recent financial crises (RePEc:kap:iaecre:v:7:y:2001:i:2:p:268-269:10.1007/bf02296020)
  by Roman Kräussl
• The Value of Corporate Philanthropy During Times of Crisis: The Sensegiving Effect of Employee Involvement (RePEc:kap:jbuset:v:103:y:2011:i:2:p:203-220)
  by Alan Muller & Roman Kräussl
• A call on art investments (RePEc:kap:revdev:v:15:y:2012:i:1:p:1-23)
  by Roman Kraeussl & Christian Wiehenkamp
• Washington Meets Wall Street: A Closer Examination of the Presidential Cylce Puzzle (RePEc:luc:wpaper:13-4)
  by Roman Kraussl & Andre Lucas & David R. Rijsbergen & Pieter Jelle van der Sluis & Evert B. Vrugt
• The Effect of Anticipated and Experienced Regret and Pride on Investors Future Selling Decisions (RePEc:luc:wpaper:13-5)
  by Roman Kraussl & Carmen Lee & Leo Paas
• Has Europe Been Catching Up? An Industry Level Analysis of Venture Capital Success over 1985-2009 (RePEc:luc:wpaper:13-6)
  by Roman Kraussl & Stefan Krause
• Does it Pay to Invest in Art? A Selection-corrected Returns Perspective (RePEc:luc:wpaper:13-7)
  by Roman Kraussl & Arthur Korteweg & Patrick Verwijmeren
• Risk and Expected Returns of Private Equity Investments: Evidence Based on Market Prices (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:15335)
  by Narasimhan Jegadeesh & Roman Kräussl & Joshua Pollet
• The Subsidy to Infrastructure as an Asset Class (RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25045)
  by Aleksandar Andonov & Roman Kräussl & Joshua Rauh
• Risk and Expected Returns of Private Equity Investments: Evidence Based on Market Prices (RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:28:y:2015:i:12:p:3269-3302.)
  by Narasimhan Jegadeesh & Roman Kräussl & Joshua M. Pollet
• Does it Pay to Invest in Art? A Selection-Corrected Returns Perspective (RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:29:y:2016:i:4:p:1007-1038.)
  by Arthur Korteweg & Roman Kräussl & Patrick Verwijmeren
• Gendered Prices
  [Can culture affect prices? A cross-cultural study of shopping and retail prices] (RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:34:y:2021:i:8:p:3789-3839.)
  by Renée B Adams & Roman Kräussl & Marco Navone & Patrick Verwijmeren & Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh
• Institutional Investors and Infrastructure Investing
  [Pension fund asset allocation and liability discount rates] (RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:34:y:2021:i:8:p:3880-3934.)
  by Aleksandar Andonov & Roman Kräussl & Joshua Rauh & Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh
• Reliability and relevance of fair values: private equity investments and investee fundamentals (RePEc:spr:reaccs:v:24:y:2019:i:4:d:10.1007_s11142-019-09509-9)
  by Petrus H. Ferreira & Roman Kräussl & Wayne R. Landsman & Maria Nykyforovych Borysoff & Peter F. Pope
• Media, sentiment and market performance in the long run (RePEc:taf:eurjfi:v:23:y:2017:i:11:p:1059-1082)
  by Roman Kräussl & Elizaveta Mirgorodskaya
• Single Stock Call Options as Lottery Tickets: Overpricing and Investor Sentiment (RePEc:taf:hbhfxx:v:20:y:2019:i:4:p:385-407)
  by Luiz Félix & Roman Kräussl & Philip Stork
• Implied volatility sentiment: a tale of two tails (RePEc:taf:quantf:v:20:y:2020:i:5:p:823-849)
  by Luiz Félix & Roman Kräussl & Philip Stork
• Credit Cycles and Macro Fundamentals (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20060023)
  by Siem Jan Koopman & Roman Kraeussl & Andre Lucas & Andre Monteiro
• Washington meets Wall Street: A Closer Examination of the Presidential Cycle Puzzle (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20080101)
  by R. Kraeussl & A. Lucas & D. Rijsbergen & P.J. van der Sluis & E. Vrugt
• An Analysis of the Effects of the Severance Payment Reform on Credit to Italian SMEs (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20080107)
  by Riccardo Calcagno & Roman Kraeussl & Chiara Monticone
• A Dynamic Model of Investor Decision-Making: How Adaptation to Losses affects Future Selling Decisions (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20080112)
  by Carmen Lee & Roman Kraeussl & André Lucas & Leonard J. Paas
• Blockholder Dispersion and Firm Value (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20090113)
  by Sander J.J. Konijn & Roman Kraeussl & Andre Lucas
• Cash Flow and Discount Rate Risk in Up and Down Markets: What is actually priced? (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20100116)
  by Mahmoud Botshekan & Roman Kraeussl & Andre Lucas
• Risk Aversion under Preference Uncertainty (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20100117)
  by Roman Kraeussl & Andre Lucas & Arjen Siegmann
• Does it pay to invest in Art? A Selection-corrected Returns Perspective (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20130152)
  by Arthur Korteweg & Roman Kräussl & Patrick Verwijmeren
• Single Stock Call Options as Lottery Tickets - Overpricing and Investor Sentiment (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20160022)
  by Luiz Felix & Roman Kraussl & Philip Stork
• Implied Volatility Sentiment: A Tale of Two Tails (RePEc:tin:wpaper:20170002)
  by Philip Stork & Luiz Felix & Roman Kraussl
• Gendered Prices (RePEc:uts:ppaper:2021-4)
  by Renée B Adams & Roman Kräussl & Marco Navone & Patrick Verwijmeren
• The effect of anticipated and experienced regret and pride on investors' future selling decisions (RePEc:vua:wpaper:2009-57)
  by Lee, K.M.C. & Kraussl, R.G.W. & Paas, L.J.
• Personality and investment: Personality differences affect investors' adaptation to losses (RePEc:vua:wpaper:2010-7)
  by Lee, K.M.C. & Kraeussl, R.G.W. & Paas, L.J.
• Strategic bias and popularity effect in the prediction of economic surprises (RePEc:wly:jforec:v:40:y:2021:i:6:p:1095-1117)
  by Luiz Félix & Roman Kräussl & Philip Stork
• Sovereign Credit Ratings and Their Impact on Recent Financial Crises (RePEc:wpa:wuwpif:0311013)
  by Roman Kraeussl
• Sovereign credit ratings and their impact on recent financial crises (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200004)
  by Kräussl, Roman
• Do Credit Rating Agencies Add to the Dynamics of Emerging Market Crises? (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200318)
  by Kraeussl, Roman
• Do Changes in Sovereign Credit Ratings Contribute to Financial Contagion in Emerging Market Crises? (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200322)
  by Kraeussl, Roman
• A Critique on the Proposed Use of External Sovereign Credit Ratings in Basel II (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200323)
  by Kraeussl, Roman
• Stock market interactions and the impact of macroeconomic news: Evidence from high frequency data of European futures markets (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200625)
  by Canto, Bea & Kräussl, Roman
• Revisiting the home bias puzzle: Downside equity risk (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200631)
  by Campbell, Rachel A. & Kräussl, Roman
• Does patience pay? Empirical testing of the option to delay accepting a tender offer in the US banking sector (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200632)
  by Campbell, Rachel A. & Kräussl, Roman
• Credit cycles and macro fundamentals (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200633)
  by Koopman, Siem Jan & Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André
• Electronic trading systems and intraday non-linear dynamics: An examination of the FTSE 100 cash and futures returns (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200720)
  by Canto, Bea & Kräussl, Roman
• Do markets love misery? Stock prices and corporate philanthropic disaster response (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200810)
  by Muller, Alan & Kräussl, Roman
• Constructing the true art market index: A novel 2-step hedonic approach and its application to the German art market (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:200811)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Elsland, Niels van
• Are particular industries more likely to succeed? A comparative analysis of VC investment in the US and Europe (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201002)
  by Kraeussl, Roman & Krause, Stefan
• A call on Art investments (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201003)
  by Kraeussl, Roman & Wiehenkamp, Christian
• Risk and expected returns of private equity investments: Evidence based on market prices (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201004)
  by Jegadeesh, Narasimhan & Kräussl, Roman & Pollet, Joshua
• Blockholder dispersion and firm value (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201005)
  by Konijn, Sander J. J. & Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André
• Washington meets Wall Street: A closer examination of the presidential cycle puzzle (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201006)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André & Rijsbergen, David R. & van der Sluis, Pieter Jelle & Vrugt, Evert B.
• Cash flow and discount rate risk in up and down markets: What is actually priced? (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201020)
  by Botshekan, Mahmoud & Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André
• Why do investors sell losers? How adaptation to losses affects future capitulation decisions (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201023)
  by Lee, Carmen & Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André & Paas, Leo
• Risk aversion under preference uncertainty (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201024)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lucas, André & Siegmann, Arjen
• Is venture capital a local business? A test of the proximity and local network hypotheses (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201215)
  by Wuebker, Robert & Schulze, William & Kräussl, Roman
• Has Europe been catching up? An industry level analysis of venture capital success over 1985 - 2009 (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201216)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Krause, Stefan
• The effect of anticipated and experienced regret and pride on investors' future selling decisions (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201217)
  by Lee, Carmen & Kräussl, Roman & Paas, Leo
• The 2011 European short sale ban on financial stocks: A cure or a curse? (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201317)
  by Félix, Luiz & Kräussl, Roman & Stork, Philip
• Does it pay to invest in art? A selection-corrected returns perspective (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:201318)
  by Korteweg, Arthur & Kräussl, Roman & Verwijmeren, Patrick
• The pricing of digital art (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:281200)
  by Chen, Yi-Hsuan & Kräussl, Roman & Verwijmeren, Patrick
• News media sentiment and investor behavior (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:492)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Mirgorodskaya, Elizaveta
• Is there a bubble in the art market? (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:493)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lehnert, Thorsten & Martelin, Nicolas
• Art as an alternative asset class: Risk and return characteristics of the Middle Eastern & Northern African art markets (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:494)
  by Kräussl, Roman
• Emotions-at-risk: An experimental investigation into emotions, option prices and risk perception (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:495)
  by Bosman, Ronald & Kräussl, Roman & van Galen, Thomas
• The "tone effect" of news on investor beliefs: An experimental approach (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:522)
  by Bosman, Ronald & Kräussl, Roman & Mirgorodskaya, Elizaveta
• Toward a pecking order theory of strategic resource deployment (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:523)
  by Schulze, William & Deeds, David & Wuebker, Robert & Kräussl, Roman
• Euro crash risk (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:524)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lehnert, Thorsten & Senulyte, Sigita
• The winner's curse on art markets (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:564)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Mirgorodskaya, Elizaveta
• Implied volatility sentiment: A tale of two tails (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:565)
  by Felix, Luiz & Kräussl, Roman & Stork, Philip
• Single stock call options as lottery tickets (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:566)
  by Felix, Luiz & Kräussl, Roman & Stork, Philip
• The European sovereign debt crisis: What have we learned? (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:567)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Lehnert, Thorsten & Stefanova, Denitsa
• Reliability and relevance of fair values: Private equity investments and investee fundamentals (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:593)
  by Ferreira, Petrus & Kräussl, Roman & Landsman, Wayne R. & Nykyforovych, Maria & Pope, Peter F.
• Blockchain, fractional ownership, and the future of creative work (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:594)
  by Whitaker, Amy & Kräussl, Roman
• Is gender in the eye of the beholder? Identifying cultural attitudes with art auction prices (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:595)
  by Adams, Renée & Kräussl, Roman & Navone, Marco & Verwijmeren, Patrick
• Predictable biases in macroeconomic forecasts and their impact across asset classes (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:596)
  by Félix, Luiz & Kräussl, Roman & Stork, Philip
• Signaling or marketing? The role of discount control mechanisms in closed-end funds (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:597)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Pollet, Joshua & Stefanova, Denitsa
• The performance of marketplace lenders: Evidence from lending club payment data (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:598)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Kräussl, Zsofia & Pollet, Joshua & Rinne, Kalle
• The subsidy to infrastructure as an asset class (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:599)
  by Andonov, Aleksandar & Kräussl, Roman & Rauh, Joshua
• Machine learning, human experts, and the valuation of real assets (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:635)
  by Aubry, Mathieu & Kräussl, Roman & Manso, Gustavo & Spaenjers, Christophe
• Do "speed bumps" prevent accidents in financial markets? (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:636)
  by Gonçalves, Jorge & Kräussl, Roman & Levin, Vladimir
• Dark trading and financial markets stability (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:691)
  by Gonçalves, Jorge & Kräussl, Roman & Levin, Vladimir
• Biased auctioneers (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:692)
  by Aubry, Mathieu & Kräussl, Roman & Manso, Gustavo & Spaenjers, Christophe
• Non-fungible tokens (NFTs): A review of pricing determinants, applications and opportunities (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:693)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Tugnetti, Alessandro
• A review on ESG investing: Investors' expectations, beliefs and perceptions (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:694)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Oladiran, Tobi & Stefanova, Denitsa
• Does family matter? Venture capital cross-fund cash flows (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:695)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Rinne, Kalle & Sunc, Huizhu
• Art collectors as venture capitalists (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:696)
  by Whitaker, Amy & Kräussl, Roman
• The performance of marketplace lenders (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:706)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Kräussl, Zsofia & Pollet, Joshua M. & Rinne, Kalle
• Closed-end funds and discount control mechanisms (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:707)
  by Kräussl, Roman & Pollet, Joshua M. & Stefanova, Denitsa
• The fundamental value of art NFTs (RePEc:zbw:cfswop:709)
  by Fridgen, Gilbert & Kräussl, Roman & Papageorgiou, Orestis & Tugnetti, Alessandro